periurus Latin · revision 31911

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *h₂ieu-os}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [pɛrˈjuː.rʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [perˈjuː.rus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''periūrus''' (feminine periūra, neuter periūrum, superlative periūrissimus); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ The OLD files it under the form ''pēiūrus'' (also ''pēiiūrus'').^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|per-]] and [[m|la|iūs|t=law, oath]], like [[m|la|perfidus]];^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL) the TLL explains it as one who deceives through an oath,^(TLL) and the OLD derives the form ⟨pēiūrus⟩ from the verb [[m|la|pēierō|t=to swear falsely]].^(OLD 2012) De Vaan, following Leumann, explains the alternation between ⟨-iūr-⟩ and ⟨-ier-⟩ by contamination of ⟨periūrāre⟩ with ⟨pēierāre⟩ “to make worse”, from [[m|la|pēius]].^(de Vaan 2008) He traces [[m|la|iūs]] to [[itc-pro|*jowos|t=oath, law]] and [[ine-pro|*h₂ieu-os]], an s-stem from a word meaning “vital force, eternity”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) who says that whoever wants to meet a perjured man should go to the Comitium.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means one who has broken an oath, perjured, and in general false or lying;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) Plautus uses the superlative of pimps.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) Cicero asks what the difference is between a perjurer and a liar, and Virgil speaks of perjured Troy and the arts of perjured Sinon.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Church Latin glosses it “oath-breaking, false, lying”,^(Stelten 1995) and it occurs in medieval formularies and laws.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of perjured men.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of the perjurer and the liar.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of perjured Troy.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|perjured|alt=Perjured]], oath-breaking.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # False, lying.^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[periūrium]]

+ * [[periūrō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ius|alt=iūs]]

+ * [[perfidus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}