intolerabilis Latin · revision 31905

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la tolerō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɪn.tɔ.ɫɛˈraː.bɪ.lɪs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [in.to.leˈraː.bi.lis]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''intolerābilis''' (neuter intolerābile, comparative intolerābilior); third-declension two-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ Manuscripts often spell it with ''-oll-''.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|in-|tolerābilis|t2=bearable]],^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) and [[m|la|tolerābilis]] is made from [[m|la|tolerō|t=to bear, endure]].^(Etymonline)^(TLL) For [[m|la|tolerō]], de Vaan reports Nussbaum's proposal of a present built on [[ine-pro|*telh₂-|t=to lift, bear]], the root of [[m|la|tollō]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its first example in the OLD is in Plautus, of unbearable expenses.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means unendurable, physically or mentally, as Cicero's unbearable cold, and in Livy irresistible, of Roman strength once the battle had turned.^(OLD 2012) Of things and persons it is insufferable, as in the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' and Cicero.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In early Latin it could also be active, unable to bear something, as in Afranius.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) Church Latin glosses it “unbearable, overwhelming”.^(Stelten 1995) English ''intolerable'' dates from the late 14th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of unbearable expenses.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 2nd half of the 2nd century BC – Afranius in the active sense unable to endure.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of unbearable cold.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of irresistible strength.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English [[m|en|intolerable]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|unendurable|alt=Unendurable]], [[m|en|insupportable]]; irresistible.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|intolerable|alt=Intolerable]], insufferable, of things or persons.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(early Latin)'' Unable to endure, impatient.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[intolerabilitas]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tolero|alt=tolerō]]

+ * [[tollo|alt=tollō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}