impulsus Latin · revision 31902

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *pl-n(e)-h₂-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɪmˈpʊɫ.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [imˈpul.sus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''impulsus''' ''m'' (genitive impulsūs); fourth declension^(Wiktionary)

+ The spelling ''inpulsus'' is also found.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|impellō|-tus|t1=to push against, drive]], a noun of action;^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) Wiktionary links it with the perfect passive participle of the verb.^(Wiktionary) The verb is [[m|la|in-]] and [[m|la|pellō|t=to push]], which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*pelna-]] and [[ine-pro|*pl-n(e)-h₂-|t=to approach]], with a shift of meaning from bringing something closer to pushing it.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[grc|πίλναμαι|tr=pílnamai|t=to approach]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its first examples in the OLD are in Plautus, of a woman who came in at someone's prompting, and of a wrong done under the impulse of wine and youth.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Physically it is a shock, thrust or impact, as of shields in Cicero, and it is most frequent in the ablative.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Figuratively it is incitement by a person or prompting by the mind or the emotions.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Church Latin has pressure, shock, impulse and excitement,^(Stelten 1995) and in medieval Latin it can mean a claim or pretension.^(Niermeyer 1976) English took it as ''impulse'' in the early 15th century, with the sense of a sudden urge from the 1640s.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of prompting and of the impulse of youth.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of the impact of shields.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 15th century – Borrowed into English as [[m|en|impulse]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|shock]], thrust, [[m|en|impact]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Incitement, prompting, [[m|en|impulse]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A claim, pretension.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[impello|alt=impellō]]

+ * [[en|impulse]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Impulsus'' is also the perfect passive participle of ''[[impello|alt=impellō]]''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}