patrocinium Latin · revision 31901

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *ph₂tḗr}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''patrōcinium''' ''n'' (genitive patrōciniī or patrōcinī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|patrōnus|-cinium|t1=patron]], formed like [[m|la|lēnōcinium]];^(OLD 2012) the TLL suggests it stands for an older ⟨*patronicinium⟩, beside the verb [[m|la|patrōcinor|t=to protect]], which is attested earlier,^(TLL) and Lewis & Short derive it from that verb.^(Lewis & Short 1879) The noun [[m|la|patrōnus]] comes from [[m|la|pater|t=father]],^(Wiktionary) which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*pater-]] and [[ine-pro|*ph₂tḗr|t=father]].^(de Vaan 2008) Festus explains that the name arose when the plebs was divided among the patricians to be safe under their protection.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Cicero,^(Köbler 2010) who uses it of the patronage of a ''[[patronus]]'': some men think it as bad as death to have accepted patronage or to be called clients.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is the function of a patron, patronage, and figuratively defence or protection, as in Cicero's man fleeing to a house as to an altar.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In the courts it is advocacy, and Cicero speaks of the philosophy that took up the defence of pleasure.^(OLD 2012) Seneca the Elder uses it for a plea or excuse.^(OLD 2012) Church Latin has patronage, protection and legal assistance.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ In medieval Latin it is the protective power of a lord over a freedman or a freeman who has commended himself, and representation at law of such dependants; it also came to mean a saint's relic and a miracle.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of patronage and advocacy.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 540–604 AD – Gregory the Great uses it.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|patronage|alt=Patronage]], the function of a patron.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Defence, [[m|en|protection]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|advocacy|alt=Advocacy]] in a court; a plea, excuse.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' The protective power of a lord over a dependant; representation of a dependant at law.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A [[m|en|relic]]; a [[m|en|miracle]].^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[patrōcinālis]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[patronus|alt=patrōnus]]

+ * [[pater]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Lewis & Short compare it with ''[[praesidium]]'', ''[[clientela]]'' and ''[[tutela|alt=tūtēla]]''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}