vitiosus Latin · revision 31897

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la vitium}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [wɪ.tiˈoː.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [vit.t͡siˈɔː.s̬us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''vitiōsus''' (feminine vitiōsa, neuter vitiōsum, comparative vitiōsior, superlative vitiōsissimus, adverb vitiōsē); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|vitium|-ōsus|t1=fault, defect]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces [[m|la|vitium]] to [[itc-pro|*witio-|t=deviation, fault]], and with Walde and Hofmann explains it as [[ine-pro|*(d)ui-tio-|t=apart, wrong]], from the root of [[m|la|duo|t=two]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Plautus,^(Köbler 2010) who uses it both of a flawed nut and of a person morally depraved.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Of physical things it means flawed or defective, and of the body or places unhealthy.^(OLD 2012) It had technical senses: in law an animal with a disease was defective, in augury a sign could be faulty, a law could be passed irregularly, and days unfit for public business were marked as such.^(OLD 2012) The moral sense, corrupt or depraved, is as old as Plautus.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is common in medieval texts.^(Köbler 2010) English took it through Anglo-French and Old French as ''vicious'' in the mid-14th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of a flawed nut and of moral fault.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of diseased livestock as legally defective.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of faulty auspices and irregular laws.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-14th century – The word reaches English as [[m|en|vicious]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Having a fault, flawed, [[m|en|defective]]; of the body or places, unhealthy.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Defective in a technical sense: in law, in [[m|en|augury]], of irregular procedure, of days unfit for public business.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Of actions or methods, faulty, unsound.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Morally defective, [[m|en|corrupt]], [[m|en|depraved]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[vitiōsē]]

+ * [[vitiōsitas]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[vitium]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}