ὀστρακίζω Ancient Greek · revision 3189

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=5th century BC, Thucydides|origins=grc ὄστρακον}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (5th-century BC Attic): /os.tra.kíz.dɔː/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (4th-century AD Koine): /os.traˈci.zo/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (10th-century Byzantine): /os.traˈci.zo/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ὀστρᾰκίζω''' (ostrakízō) ^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is derived from [[ὄστρακον|tr=óstrakon|t=potsherd]] with the verbal suffix [[m|grc|-ίζω|tr=-ízō]]: to banish by a vote cast on potsherds, on which the voters wrote the name of the man to be exiled.^(Wiktionary)^(CGL 2021)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Thucydides uses the passive of men who were ostracised from Athens.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Ostracism was an Athenian institution by which a leading citizen was sent into exile for a time.^(CGL 2021) Andocides and Aristotle's ''Constitution of the Athenians'' describe it, and Aristotle's ''Politics'' discusses it as a political practice.^(CGL 2021)^(LSJ 1940) Aristotle notes that it was used at Argos as well, and a scholiast adds Megara and Miletus.^(LSJ 1940)

+

+ English took ''ostracize'' from a Latinized form in the 1640s, also in the figurative sense of excluding someone from society.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 5th century BC – Thucydides uses it for ostracism at Athens.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+ * 5th–4th century BC – Andocides mentions men who were ostracised.^(LSJ 1940)

+ * 4th century BC – Aristotle describes the practice at Athens and Argos.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+ * 1640s – English borrows ''ostracize''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|ostracize]], banish a citizen for a time by a vote cast on potsherds.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+ # To practise ostracism.^(CGL 2021)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ὄστρακον|tr=óstrakon]]

+ * [[ὀστρακισμός|tr=ostrakismós]]

+ * [[en|ostracize]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}