promulgo Latin · revision 31888

+ {{infobox|confidence=disputed|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *h₂ml̥ǵ-eie-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [proːˈmʊɫ.ɡoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [proˈmul.ɡo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''prōmulgō''' (present infinitive prōmulgāre, perfect active prōmulgāvī, supine prōmulgātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The OLD calls its origin doubtful and Lewis & Short unknown.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) De Vaan takes it as a factitive verb [[der|la|mulgeō|t=to milk]], “to milk forth”, hence “to make known”,^(de Vaan 2008) and Etymonline, after Palmer, also thinks it a farmers' word for squeezing milk from the udder.^(Etymonline) De Vaan traces [[m|la|mulgeō]] to [[itc-pro|*molgeje-]] and [[ine-pro|*h₂ml̥ǵ-eie-|t=to milk]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[grc|ἀμέλγω|tr=amélgō|t=to milk]].^(de Vaan 2008) Festus explained it as if from a verb “to spread among the people”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Cicero,^(de Vaan 2008) who distinguishes laws that have been passed from those only promulgated.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its main sense is a magistrate's making known the terms of a proposed law by public notice, as in Cicero, Sallust and Livy, and also in the Vulgate.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In general it means to make widely known or publish, as Pliny the Elder's scribe of Appius Claudius who published the calendar of court days, and his ancestors who taught that aconite should be mixed in eye remedies.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Church Latin glosses it “publish, make known, promulgate”.^(Stelten 1995) English [[m|en|promulgate]] is from the 1520s; the earlier English verb was [[m|en|promulge]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of promulgating laws.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust of a proposed bill.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder of publishing the calendar.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1520s – English [[m|en|promulgate]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''(law)'' To make known a proposed law by public notice, [[m|en|promulgate]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To make widely known, [[m|en|publish]]; to teach.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[prōmulgātiō]]

+ * [[prōmulgātor]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[mulgeo|alt=mulgeō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}