sopio Latin · revision 31875

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=204–169 BC, Ennius|origins=ine-pro *swep-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈsoː.pi.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈsɔː.pi.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''sōpiō''' (present infinitive sōpīre, perfect active sōpīvī or sōpiī, supine sōpītum); fourth conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|ine-pro|*swep-|t=to sleep]], the root of [[m|la|somnus|t=sleep]], but how the verb was formed is disputed.^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012) The LIV reconstructs [[ine-pro|*swṓp-ye-ti]], which de Vaan doubts as a type;^(Wiktionary) Nussbaum proposed a verb made from a root noun, and Vine a present [[ine-pro|*swṓp-eye-ti]].^(Wiktionary) The OLD compares [[sa|स्वापयति|tr=svāpáyati]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Lewis & Short quote Ennius' “I put to sleep the fierce dragon's attack”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means to put or lull to sleep, most often in the perfect participle;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cicero uses only the participle, of the mind awake while the body sleeps.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lucretius uses it of a woman sent to sleep by castoreum and of death, as Homer “laid to rest in the same sleep as the others”.^(Lewis & Short 1879) It also means to knock someone senseless, as Livy's king stunned by a sudden blow, or to stupefy with wine.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In the poets it can mean to kill, as in Silius.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Of things it is to calm or settle, as Pliny the Elder's winds put to rest, and Virgil's embers revived from sleep.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Church Latin glosses it “lull to sleep”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius of lulling a dragon.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of sleep and death.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of the sleeping body.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of a man stunned by a blow.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 25–101 AD – Silius of killing.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To put to [[m|en|sleep]], [[m|en|lull]] to sleep.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To knock senseless, [[m|en|stun]]; to stupefy with wine.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(poetic)'' To kill; in the passive, to die.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Of things, to calm, still, settle.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[consōpiō]]

+ * [[īnsōpītus]]

+ * [[obsōpiō]]

+ * [[resopio]]

+ * [[sēmisōpītus]]

+ * [[sōpītiō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[somnus]]

+ * [[sopor]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A separate noun ''sōpiō'' “penis” occurs in Catullus;^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) the OLD compares [[prosapia|alt=prōsāpia]], and Nikolaev derives both from a root “to strike”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}