petulantia Latin · revision 31870

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la petō}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''petulantia''' ''f'' (genitive petulantiae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|petulāns|-ia|t1=aggressive, insolent]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan lists [[m|la|petulāns]] among the derivatives of [[m|la|petō|t=to make for, attack]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cicero already derived it from [[m|la|petō]], as he derived [[m|la|procācitās|t=forwardness]] from [[m|la|procō|t=to ask]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008) who uses it of heedlessness of the tongue.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is impudent or boisterous aggressiveness, effrontery or waywardness;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cicero says it belongs to young men more than to old.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Of speech it is offensive rudeness, as in a letter of Caecina to Cicero and in Propertius, and Gellius uses the plural of the insults with which Naevius had hurt many.^(OLD 2012) Of sexual conduct it is wantonness or immodesty, as in Cicero's Verrines and in Petronius.^(OLD 2012) Columella uses it of the viciousness of horned animals.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of a heedless tongue.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of wanton aggression.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella of vicious horned animals.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 165 AD – Gellius of Naevius' insults.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|impudence|alt=Impudence]], aggressiveness, [[m|en|effrontery]], [[m|en|petulance]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Of speech, offensive rudeness; in the plural, insults.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # [[m|en|wantonness|alt=Wantonness]], immodesty.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Carelessness, heedlessness.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Of animals, viciousness.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[petulans|alt=petulāns]]

+ * [[peto|alt=petō]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein says that the ''petulans'' offends against modesty by wantonness, mockery and needless attack, the ''procax'' by importunity and pushing forwardness, and the ''protervus'' by impetuous and haughty recklessness.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}