infandus Latin · revision 31854

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=190–159 BC, Terence|origins=ine-pro *bʰeh₂-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ĩːˈfan.dʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [iɱˈfan.dus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''īnfandus''' (feminine īnfanda, neuter īnfandum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ The superlative ''īnfandissimus'' is perhaps found only in a tragedy of Varius.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|in-|fandus|t2=to be spoken]], the negated gerundive of [[m|la|for|t=to speak]], like [[nefandus]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) The verb [[m|la|for]] goes back to [[itc-pro|*fā-]] and [[ine-pro|*bʰeh₂-|t=to speak]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[grc|φημί|tr=phēmí|t=I say]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's first source is Terence.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means too horrible to be spoken of, unspeakable, monstrous or accursed, as in Cicero's “a cruel and unspeakable thing”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Livy uses it of banquets of human flesh and of murders, and Virgil of grief, love, war and the Cyclopes.^(Lewis & Short 1879) The neuter is used as an exclamation, as in Virgil's “our ships are lost – unspeakable!”^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “unspeakable, unheard of”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a cruel deed.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of grief and as an exclamation.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of cannibal feasts.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|unspeakable|alt=Unspeakable]], monstrous, [[m|en|abominable]], accursed.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[nefandus]]

+ * [[for]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}