copiosus Latin · revision 31820

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=86/82 BC, Rhetorica ad Herennium|origins=la ops}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [koː.piˈoː.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ko.piˈɔː.s̬us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cōpiōsus''' (feminine cōpiōsa, neuter cōpiōsum, comparative cōpiōsior, superlative cōpiōsissimus, adverb cōpiōsē); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ Inscriptions and manuscripts also have ''quopiosa'' and ''cup-''.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|cōpia|-ōsus|t1=abundance]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan lists ⟨cōpia⟩ under [[ops|t=power, wealth]], which he traces to [[itc-pro|*opi-]] and [[ine-pro|*h₃ep-|alt=*h₃e/op-(i-)|t=ability, force]], cognate with [[hit|happina-|t=rich]] and [[sa|अप्नस्|tr=ápnas-|t=possession, property]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's first source is the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium''.^(Köbler 2010) Cicero has a woman who was “quite wealthy and well off”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means “well supplied, rich”, of persons and cities, and of plants “fruitful”;^(OLD 2012) Cicero says the Greeks' language is richer than Latin, and a case can give “wider scope” for argument.^(OLD 2012) In rhetoric it is “eloquent, having a rich command of words”, sometimes with a pejorative hint, as Cicero's wordy man who talked for hours on a general's duties.^(OLD 2012) It is also simply “abundant, plentiful”, as Cicero's large and plentiful inheritance, and of persons “numerous”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “copious, plentiful, in great numbers”.^(Stelten 1995) English [[m|en|copious]] (mid-14th century) comes from it.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 86/82 BC – the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium''.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a rich woman, a rich language and an eloquent speaker.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder of a fruitful chestnut.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-14th century – English [[m|en|copious]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Well supplied, [[m|en|wealthy]]; of plants, [[m|en|prolific]]; of a language, rich in words; of a subject, giving wide scope.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|eloquent|alt=Eloquent]], fluent; wordy.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|abundant|alt=Abundant]], plentiful, [[m|en|copious]]; numerous.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[cōpiōsitās]]

+ * [[incopiosus]]

+ * [[percōpiōsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cōpia]]

+ * [[ops]]

+ * [[en|copious]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}