ἀποκάλυψις Ancient Greek · revision 3182

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=3rd–1st century BC, Septuagint|origins=ine-pro *kel-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (5th-century BC Attic): /a.po.ká.lyp.sis/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (4th-century AD Koine): /a.poˈka.lyp.sis/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (10th-century Byzantine): /a.poˈka.lyp.sis/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ᾰ̓ποκᾰ́λῠψῐς''' (apokálupsis) ''f'' (genitive ᾰ̓ποκᾰλῠ́ψεως); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is derived from [[ἀποκαλύπτω|tr=apokalúptō|t=to uncover, reveal]] with the suffix of action nouns [[m|grc|-σις|tr=-sis]].^(Wiktionary)^(BDAG 2000) The verb is formed from [[ἀπό|alt=ἀπο-|tr=apo-|t=off, away]] and [[καλύπτω|tr=kalúptō|t=to cover]], from [[ine-pro|*kel-|t=to cover, conceal]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In the Septuagint it is the uncovering of nakedness, in First Samuel, and in Sirach the disclosure of a man's deeds and of secrets.^(Lust 2003)^(DGE)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In secular Greek it meant a physical uncovering: Philodemus uses it for baring the head, and Plutarch for the uncovering of hidden springs and, figuratively, the disclosure of a sin.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)^(BDAG 2000)

+

+ The New Testament uses it only in a religious sense: the revelation of truth and of divine mysteries, as in Romans, revelations received in visions, as Paul's “revelation of Jesus Christ”, and the manifestation of Christ at the end of time.^(BDAG 2000)^(LSJ 1940) The last book of the Bible opens with the words “the revelation of Jesus Christ”, and so came to be called the ''Apocalypse''.^(BDAG 2000)^(LSJ 1940)^(Etymonline) Hesychius glosses it as “foreknowledge, prior vision”.^(Hesychius)

+

+ Latin borrowed it as [[m|la-ecc|apocalypsis]], and English used ''apocalypse'' from the late 14th century for a revelation; the sense of the end of the world comes from the content of the book.^(Etymonline)^(Wiktionary) Modern Greek has [[m|el|αποκάλυψη|tr=apokálypsi]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 3rd–1st century BC – The Septuagint uses it for uncovering and disclosure.^(Lust 2003)

+ * 1st century BC – Philodemus uses it for baring the head.^(LSJ 1940)^(BDAG 2000)

+ * 1st century AD – Paul uses it for divine revelation.^(BDAG 2000)

+ * 1st century AD – The Book of Revelation opens with the word.^(BDAG 2000)

+ * 1st–2nd century AD – Plutarch uses it for disclosing hidden springs.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+ * Late 14th century – English borrows ''apocalypse''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # An uncovering, as of the head; nakedness.^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE)

+ # A disclosure, as of hidden springs or of a sin.^(CGL 2021)^(LSJ 1940)

+ # ''(New Testament)'' A [[m|en|revelation]], especially of divine mysteries.^(BDAG 2000)^(LSJ 1940)

+ # ''(New Testament)'' A manifestation, as of Christ at the end of time.^(LSJ 1940)^(BDAG 2000)

+ # ''(capitalised)'' The [[m|en|Apocalypse]], the Book of Revelation.^(LSJ 1940)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ἀποκαλύπτω|tr=apokalúptō]]

+ * [[καλύπτω|tr=kalúptō]]

+ * [[la|apocalypsis]]

+ * [[en|apocalypse]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}