sudo Latin · revision 31813

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=c. 235–200 BC, Naevius|origins=ine-pro *swoyd-o-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈsuː.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈsuː.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''sūdō''' (present infinitive sūdāre, perfect active sūdāvī, supine sūdātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a denominative verb, probably formed on a noun [[itc-pro|*swoido-|t=sweat]], continuing [[ine-pro|*swoyd-o-|alt=*suoid-o-|t=sweat]], from the root [[ine-pro|*sweyd-|t=to sweat]], which survives as a noun in Indo-Iranian and Germanic.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The noun [[sūdor|t=sweat]] is from the same root.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[sa|स्वेद|tr=svéda-|t=sweat]], [[grc|ἱδρώς|tr=hidrṓs|t=sweat]], [[cy|chwys|t=sweat]], [[ang|swāt|t=sweat]] and [[goh|sweiz|t=sweat]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Naevius.^(de Vaan 2008) The OLD's first example is Plautus' ''Asinaria'', where a man who sweats and shivers at once is taken for a bad omen.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its first sense is “to sweat, perspire”, with the moisture in the ablative or accusative, as in Celsus' cold sweat; transitively it is to soak with sweat, as Quintilian's sweat-soaked clothes.^(OLD 2012) Very often it means to sweat with effort, to toil hard, as Terence's “you will sweat enough if you take on that man”, and transitively to produce something with great exertion.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Of things it is to be damp or to ooze: Ennius has the earth sweating with blood, Catullus a pine with sweating bark, and Virgil balsam oozing from fragrant wood.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of a sweating man.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius of the earth sweating blood.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence of hard toil.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of balsam oozing from wood.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|sweat]], [[m|en|perspire]]; to soak with sweat.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To sweat with effort, [[m|en|toil]]; to produce with great exertion.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Of things, to be damp; to [[m|en|ooze]], exude.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[circumsūdō]]

+ * [[consūdō]]

+ * [[dēsūdō]]

+ * [[exsūdō]]

+ * [[insūdō]]

+ * [[praesūdō]]

+ * [[resūdō]]

+ * [[sūdābundus]]

+ * [[sūdārium]]

+ * [[sūdātiō]]

+ * [[sūdātōr]]

+ * [[sūdātrix]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sūdor]]

+ * [[en|sweat]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}