triumphalis Latin · revision 31812

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=la triumphus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [tri.ʊmˈpʰaː.lɪs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [tri.umˈfaː.lis]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''triumphālis''' (neuter triumphāle); third-declension two-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|triumphus|-ālis|t1=triumph]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Wiktionary traces ⟨triumphus⟩ through Etruscan to [[grc|θρίαμβος|tr=thríambos|t=hymn to Bacchus]].^(Wiktionary)^(Saalfeld 1874)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's first source is Cicero,^(Köbler 2010) who speaks of a province whose conquest would earn a triumph and of the triumphal gate.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means “of or for a triumph”: triumphal robes, and the ''ornamenta triumphalia'', the insignia granted in place of a real triumph, as in Velleius.^(OLD 2012) A ''statua triumphalis'' was a public statue of a man in triumphal dress, granted as an honour (Tacitus); the ''porta triumphalis'' was apparently an arch at the start of the procession;^(OLD 2012) ''laurus triumphalis'' was the laurel used for triumphal wreaths (Tibullus).^(OLD 2012) Of persons it means “having held a triumph”, as Ovid's triumphal old men, and of a province “rich in triumphs”.^(OLD 2012) Propertius uses it simply for “victorious”, of the Greek ships returning from Troy.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “triumphant”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a province earning a triumph.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 55–19/18 BC – Tibullus of the triumphal laurel.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 57/46–12 BC – Propertius of victorious ships.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 20 BC–30 AD – Velleius of triumphal insignia.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 15th century – Borrowed into English as [[m|en|triumphal]], partly through Old French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Of or for a [[m|en|triumph]], [[m|en|triumphal]];^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) ''ornamenta triumphalia'', the insignia of a triumph.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Having celebrated a triumph; of such men; rich in triumphs.^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|victorious|alt=Victorious]], triumphant.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[triumphus]]

+ * [[en|triumphal]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}