vicissim Latin · revision 31811

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la vicis}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [wɪˈkɪs.sĩː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [viˈt͡ʃis.sim]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''vicissim''' (adverb, not comparable)^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[vicis|t=turn, change]].^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan reconstructs a root noun [[itc-pro|*wik-|t=turn]] and [[ine-pro|*wik-|alt=*uik-|t=a turn]], perhaps from a root meaning “to tie, turn”; for the adverb an i-stem is usually assumed, but how it was formed is unclear.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Schrijver thought a compound “giving in turn” with the root of [[dō]] possible, while Leumann proposed ⟨vici-cessim⟩ “stepping by turns”, shortened by haplology; de Vaan finds none of these convincing.^(de Vaan 2008) Wiktionary sees the adverbial ending [[m|la|-tim]] in it.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008) whose ''Mostellaria'' has “be quiet a moment, let me speak in my turn”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means “in turn”, of one in a series acting after another, or of a change of action (Plautus' man who has done badly with cattle and now wants a little farm instead).^(OLD 2012) Cicero uses it of opposite states alternating, as the earth now flowering and now bristling with frost, and of a change of viewpoint, “conversely”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Manilius has it in the sense “reciprocally”.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein contrasts it with [[invicem]] and [[mūtuō]]: ⟨vicissim⟩ marks one thing following another, while those two mark a mutual action between two parties.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “in turn, by turns, in return, on the other hand”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of speaking in turn.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of alternating states.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Manilius in the sense “reciprocally”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # In [[m|en|turn]], by turns; for a change.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Alternately, of opposite states.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # [[m|en|reciprocally|alt=Reciprocally]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # On the other hand, [[m|en|conversely]].^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[vicis]]

+ * [[vicissitūdō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}