respuo Latin · revision 31810
19 Oct 2026, 16:43 by bogdan “la10k Latin batch la75u b01” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=96–55 BC, Lucretius|origins=ine-pro *sp(i)uH-}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * Classical: [ˈrɛs.pu.oː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈrɛs.pu.o]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''respuō''' (present infinitive respuere, perfect active respuī, supine respūtum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[af|la|re-|spuō|t2=to spit]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces ⟨spuō⟩ to [[itc-pro|*spūjō|alt=*spū̆-je/o-|t=to spit]] and [[ine-pro|*sp(i)uH-|alt=*sp(i)uH-ie/o-|t=to spit]], an imitative formation whose initial sounds were reshaped in several languages; cognate with [[grc|πτύω|tr=ptúō|t=to spit]], [[lt|spiáuti|t=to spit]] and [[got|𐍃𐍀𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽|tr=speiwan|t=to spit]].^(de Vaan 2008)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ De Vaan dates it from Lucretius,^(de Vaan 2008) who has moisture forcing up beams and timbers.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ Its literal sense is “to spit or spew out” what is tasted or swallowed, as in Cicero's account of what nature rejects from food;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lucretius uses it of water forcing out timber and of rain thrown back by a horn lantern.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Far more often it is figurative: “to reject with disdain, spurn”, as Cicero says of someone who could not bear human follies, and to refuse to listen to something (“whose ears ever rejected this?”).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Gellius has the present participle with a genitive, “disdainful of”.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ Church Latin glosses it “spit upon, despise, reject”.^(Stelten 1995)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of water forcing out beams.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of food and of follies rejected.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 165 AD – Gellius of a man disdainful of common words.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To [[m|en|spit]] or spew out.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)
+ # To throw back, [[m|en|repel]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # To [[m|en|reject]] with disdain, [[m|en|spurn]]; to refuse to listen to.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[spuō]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}