excidium Latin · revision 31803

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *skeyd-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɛksˈkɪ.di.ũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [eksˈt͡ʃiː.di.um]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''excidium''' ''n'' (genitive excidiī or excidī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[exscindō|t=to destroy]] with the suffix [[m|la|-ium]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Lewis and Short note that it was usually referred to [[excīdō|t=to cut out]], and that it is sometimes spelled ⟨exscidium⟩, as if from ⟨exscindō⟩.^(Lewis & Short 1879) De Vaan traces ⟨scindō⟩ to [[itc-pro|*skindō|alt=*ski-n-d-e/o-|t=to split]] and [[ine-pro|*skeyd-|alt=*ski-n-d-|t=to split, tear off]], cognate with [[sa|छिनत्ति|tr=chinátti|t=splits]] and [[grc|σχίζω|tr=skhízō|t=to split]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's first source is Plautus.^(Köbler 2010) The OLD's earliest example is Sallust's “the fate of destruction for the city of Rome”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means military destruction, the overthrow of towns and countries, as in Virgil's man who attacks a city with ruin.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is also used of the slaughter of peoples and troops, as in Virgil and Livy.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Lewis and Short note that it is not frequent before the Augustan poets.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “annihilation”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust of the destruction of Rome.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of cities and peoples destroyed.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|destruction|alt=Destruction]], overthrow, [[m|en|ruin]] of a town or country.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # [[m|en|slaughter|alt=Slaughter]] of a people or army.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[exscindō]]

+ * [[scindō]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A rare second ''excidium'', from [[excidō]] “fall out”, means the setting of the sun in Prudentius.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}