extrinsecus Latin · revision 31800

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=234–149 BC, Cato|origins=la exter, la secus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɛkˈstrĩː.sɛ.kʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ekˈstrin.se.kus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''extrīnsecus''' (not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[exter|t=outward]], in an adverbial form like ⟨extrim⟩, and [[secus|t=beside, on the side]].^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan lists it with ⟨secus⟩, like [[m|la|altrinsecus|t=on the other side]], and traces ⟨secus⟩ to [[itc-pro|*sekʷos|t=separate]], following Klingenschmitt's [[ine-pro|*se-ḱwo-|alt=*se-ḱuo-|t=by itself, separate]]; cognate with [[sga|sech|t=past, without]] and [[cy|heb|t=without]].^(de Vaan 2008) Priscian and Servius already discussed it among the local adverbs formed from prepositions.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's first source is Cato,^(Köbler 2010) who tells the farmer to smear the bottom of a chest with oil lees, and the outside, feet and corners.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means “from without”, as Varro's hawk swooping in from outside, “on the outside, externally” (Cato), and in Celsus “outwards”.^(OLD 2012) Cicero uses it of things sought from an outside source, and of the gifts of fortune that come from outside, as birth and beauty.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In Late Latin it is also an adjective, “outer”, as in Tertullian.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Church Latin glosses the adverb “on the outside, from without” and the adjective “outer, extrinsic, inessential”.^(Stelten 1995) In medieval sources the adjective or noun can mean an exile.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato of smearing a chest on the outside.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of a hawk from outside.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of things from an outside source.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 160–220 AD – Tertullian as an adjective, “outer”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1540s – English [[m|en|extrinsic]] is formed from the Late Latin adjective, through French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # From [[m|en|without]]; on the outside, [[m|en|externally]]; outwards.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # From an outside source; in outward circumstances.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ===Adjective===

+ # ''(Late Latin)'' [[m|en|outer|alt=Outer]], [[m|en|extrinsic]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' An exile.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[exter]]

+ * [[secus]]

+ * [[intrīnsecus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}