ἀποστροφή Ancient Greek · revision 3180

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=6th–5th century BC, Aeschylus|origins=grc ἀποστρέφω}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (5th-century BC Attic): /a.pos.tro.pʰɛ̌ː/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (4th-century AD Koine): /a.pos.troˈɸi/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (10th-century Byzantine): /a.pos.troˈfi/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ᾰ̓ποστροφή''' (apostrophḗ) ''f'' (genitive ᾰ̓ποστροφῆς); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is derived from [[ἀποστρέφω|tr=apostréphō|t=to turn away]] with the suffix [[m|grc|-ή|tr=-ḗ]].^(Wiktionary)^(BDAG 2000) The verb is formed from [[ἀπό|alt=ἀπο-|tr=apo-|t=away]] and [[στρέφω|tr=stréphō|t=to turn]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In Aeschylus' ''Prometheus Bound'' there is “no escape” from a fate.^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was a turning away, and so an escape, a way out, a refuge, and a resort or recourse: Herodotus says a people had no other “resort” for water.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)^(DGE) Xenophon and Plutarch use it for a turn or change of direction, as of a horse or a river.^(CGL 2021)^(DGE)

+

+ In rhetoric it was the figure called apostrophe, in which the speaker turns away from the audience to address one person, as Philodemus, Quintilian and Longinus describe; grammarians used it for elision.^(LSJ 1940) Later it meant aversion, as to food in the medical writers.^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE) The Septuagint uses it for turning back, return, and faithlessness.^(Lust 2003)

+

+ French ''apostrophe'' comes from it.^(Wiktionary) Modern Greek [[m|el|αποστροφή|tr=apostrofí]] is disgust or aversion, a sense modelled on French ''aversion'', and the rhetorical figure.^(Triantafyllidis 1998)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 6th–5th century BC – Aeschylus uses it for escape from a fate.^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE)

+ * 5th century BC – Herodotus and Thucydides use it for a resort or refuge.^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE)

+ * 5th–4th century BC – Xenophon uses it for a horse's turn.^(CGL 2021)

+ * 1st century BC – Philodemus uses it for the rhetorical apostrophe.^(LSJ 1940)

+ * 2nd century AD – Galen uses it for aversion to food.^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A turning back or aside; a bend, as of a river.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+ # A way out, [[m|en|escape]] from something.^(CGL 2021)^(LSJ 1940)

+ # A resort, recourse; a [[m|en|refuge]].^(CGL 2021)^(LSJ 1940)

+ # ''(rhetoric)'' [[m|en|apostrophe]], turning to address one person.^(LSJ 1940)

+ # [[m|en|aversion]].^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE)

+ # ''(Septuagint)'' A return; faithlessness.^(Lust 2003)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ἀποστρέφω|tr=apostréphō]]

+ * [[στρέφω|tr=stréphō]]

+ * [[ἀπόστροφος|tr=apóstrophos]]

+ * [[en|apostrophe]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}