proelior Latin · revision 31786

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 180–102 BC, Lucilius|origins=la proelium}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈproe̯.li.ɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈprɛː.li.or]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''proelior''' (present infinitive proeliārī, perfect active proeliātus sum); first conjugation, deponent^(Wiktionary)

+ An active form ''proeliō, -āre'' also occurs.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)

+ It is also spelled ''praelior''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[proelium|t=battle]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(de Vaan 2008) The origin of ⟨proelium⟩ is unclear: Klingenschmitt derived it from ⟨*pro-gʷel-io-⟩, with cognates such as [[cy|rhyfel|t=war]] and [[lt|gélti|t=to sting, ache]], but de Vaan objects that the sound changes would rather have given ⟨*prūlium⟩ or ⟨*prōlium⟩, and finds no convincing alternative.^(de Vaan 2008) Wiktionary mentions a derivation from ⟨*provillium⟩, from [[bellum|t=war]], old ⟨duellum⟩.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Lucilius,^(de Vaan 2008) who has fighting under the vine.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means “to join battle, fight”, as Caesar's legions fighting on the very banks of the river.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Figuratively it is “to contend, strive”: Cicero asks Atticus whether he wants to know how he fought less well than usual in a trial.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “fight, engage in battle”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 180–102 BC – Lucilius of fighting under the vine.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of contending in court.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar of legions fighting on a riverbank.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To join [[m|en|battle]], [[m|en|fight]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To [[m|en|contend]], strive.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[proelium]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}