praeruptus Latin · revision 31784

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *Hrewp-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [prae̯ˈrʊp.tʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [preˈrup.tus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''praeruptus''' (feminine praerupta, neuter praeruptum, superlative praeruptissimus); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the past participle of [[praerumpō|t=to break off in front]], used as an adjective.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan traces ⟨rumpō⟩ to [[itc-pro|*rumpō|alt=*ru-n-p-|t=to break]], a nasal present of [[ine-pro|*Hrewp-|alt=*Hreup-|t=to break]], cognate with [[sa|रोपयति|tr=ropáyati|t=causes racking pain]] and [[ang|rēofan|t=to break, tear]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's first source is Catullus;^(Köbler 2010) the OLD's earliest example is Cicero's ''Verrines'', of headlands and sheer rocks.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its literal sense is “broken off into a sheer drop, precipitous, steep”, of rocks, cliffs and slopes.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Seneca uses it of speech broken off short, as in the half-articulated words of angry men.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it describes a situation on the edge of disaster, as Velleius' “sheer and doubtful danger” to the state, and of persons “headstrong, hasty”, as Tacitus' young noble of headstrong temper.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of sheer rocks.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 20 BC–30 AD – Velleius of a critical danger.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus of a headstrong youth.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|precipitous|alt=Precipitous]], [[m|en|steep]], sheer; of speech, broken off.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Perilous, critical; of persons, [[m|en|headstrong]], hasty.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[praerumpō]]

+ * [[rumpō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}