iniussus Latin · revision 31777

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=65–8 BC, Horace|origins=la iubeō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɪnˈjʊs.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [inˈjus.sus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''iniussus''' (feminine iniussa, neuter iniussum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[in-|t=not]] and ⟨iussus⟩, the past participle of [[iubeō|t=to order]].^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan traces ⟨iubeō⟩ to [[itc-pro|*jouþejō|alt=*jouþ-eje/o-]] and the causative [[ine-pro|*h₁yewdʰ-|alt=*Hioudh-eie/o-|t=to cause to move]]; the Latin meaning developed from “to set in motion” to “to order”.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[sa|युध्यति|tr=yúdhyati|t=fights]] and [[lt|judė́ti|t=to move]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's first source is Horace,^(Köbler 2010) who mocks singers who never sing when asked and, unbidden, never stop.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means “unbidden, of one's own accord”, of persons and animals, and of things “not asked for”: Virgil says “I sing what is not unbidden”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lucan uses it of a boy acting unbidden.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ In medieval sources a ''placitum iniussum'' is a court held without summons.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil, “not unbidden I sing”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace of singers who will not stop unbidden.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|unbidden|alt=Unbidden]], of one's own accord, [[m|en|spontaneous]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Of things, not asked for.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' ''placitum iniussum'', a court held without summons.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[iubeō]]

+ * [[iniussū]]

+ * [[iussus]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The ablative [[iniussū]] “without orders”, usually with a genitive (''iniussū imperātōris''), is much more common;^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler finds it from Plautus on, and Lewis and Short call it frequent in Cicero and Livy.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}