perpetuo Latin · revision 31770
19 Oct 2026, 16:43 by bogdan “la10k Latin batch la75u b06” current version
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+ {{homograph|1|continuously}}
+
+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *pet-}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * Classical: [pɛrˈpɛ.tu.oː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * Ecclesiastical: [perˈpɛː.tu.o]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''perpetuō''' (not comparable)^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ The adverb is formed from [[perpetuus|t=continuous]] with the adverbial ending [[m|la|-ō]].^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan lists ⟨perpetuus⟩ under [[petō|t=to make for, seek]], with [[perpes|t=continuous]], from [[itc-pro|*petō|alt=*pet-e/o-]] and [[ine-pro|*pet-|alt=*pt-(e)i-|t=to fly]], cognate with [[grc|πέτομαι|tr=pétomai|t=to fly]] and [[sa|पतति|tr=pátati|t=flies, falls]].^(de Vaan 2008)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest examples are in Plautus: in the ''Miles gloriosus'' the soldier's sons will live a thousand years on end.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It means “continuously” in time, without a break, and then “for ever, permanently”, as in Plautus' ''Mostellaria'': “I fear my tricks are lost for good”.^(OLD 2012) Pliny the Elder uses it for “as a rule, constantly”, and Vitruvius for “all the way through” in space.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) The TLL notes that manuscripts often confuse it with forms of ⟨perpetuus⟩.^(TLL)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of living on and on.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 84–c. 25 BC – Vitruvius of solid ground all the way through.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder in the sense “invariably”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Adverb===
+ # [[m|en|continuously|alt=Continuously]], all the way through.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ # Without a break; [[m|en|permanently]], for ever.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)
+ # As a rule, constantly, invariably.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ {{homograph|2|to perpetuate}}
+
+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la perpetuus}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * Classical: [pɛrˈpɛ.tu.oː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * Ecclesiastical: [perˈpɛː.tu.o]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''perpetuō''' (present infinitive perpetuāre, perfect active perpetuāvī, supine perpetuātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)
+ Ennius has the old perfect subjunctive ''perpetuassint''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ The verb is formed from [[perpetuus|t=continuous]] with the verbal suffix ⟨-ō⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(de Vaan 2008)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008) whose ''Pseudolus'' has “no lover is a true one but he who keeps on giving”.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It means “to continue without a break”, as in Plautus, and “to make lasting, perpetuate”, as Cicero's man who thought the judges' power should be made permanent.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ Church Latin glosses it “continue, make perpetual”.^(Stelten 1995)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of giving without end.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of making a power permanent.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 1520s – English [[m|en|perpetuate]] is formed from its participle.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To continue without a break.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ # To make lasting, [[m|en|perpetuate]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[perpetuus]]
+ * [[perpes]]
+ * [[petō]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}