perverto Latin · revision 31762

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=204–169 BC, Ennius|origins=ine-pro *wert-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [pɛrˈwɛr.toː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [perˈvɛr.to]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pervertō''' (present infinitive pervertere, perfect active pervertī, supine perversum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ The older spelling is ''pervortō''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|per-|vertō|t2=to turn]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) ⟨vertō⟩ is [[itc-pro|*wertō]], from [[ine-pro|*wert-|t=to turn]], cognate with [[sa|वर्तते|tr=vártate|t=turns]] and [[ru|вертеть|tr=vertetʹ|t=to rotate]].^(Wiktionary)^(Pokorny 1959)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Ennius' ''Annals'' have the felling of trees: “they overturn the tall pines”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In Plautus' ''Stichus'' a man is told to knock down even the king if he stands in the way.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means “to overturn, knock down”, things and people, and to overthrow an army or city by force, as in Cicero's verse on Croesus crossing the Halys.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it is to ruin a person, as Plautus' “a man can be quickly ruined”, and to overthrow a system or plan.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) It also means to turn about or reverse, to distort the face (Celsus), to falsify facts and accounts (Lucilius), and to divert to an improper use or lead astray, as Cicero's Verres turning the revenues of the Roman people to his own profit.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “turn around, turn about”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius of felled pines.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of knocking down a king and ruining a man.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 180–102 BC – Lucilius of falsified accounts.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of diverted revenues.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English [[m|en|pervert]] comes from it, first “turn someone from a right belief”.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|overturn]], knock down; to [[m|en|overthrow]] by force.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To ruin; to [[m|en|subvert]], bring to nothing.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To turn about, reverse.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To distort; to falsify; to misuse; to [[m|en|corrupt]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[vertō]]

+ * [[perversus]]

+ * [[en|pervert]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}