furia Latin · revision 31756

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=204–169 BC, Ennius|origins=la furō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈfʊ.ri.a]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈfuː.ri.a]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''furia''' ''f'' (genitive furiae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|furō|-ia|t1=to rage]].^(Wiktionary)^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) The origin of [[m|la|furō]] is unknown: many etymologies have been proposed, but none is clearly better than the others.^(de Vaan 2008) Isidore of Seville explained the name of the Furies from [[m|la|feriō|t=to strike]], because they strike the mind with goads.^(Isidore)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Ennius.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is mostly used in the plural.^(Lewis & Short 1879) The ''Furiae'' are the avenging goddesses, the Furies, and Cicero says that a man's own evil thoughts and conscience torment him like Furies.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) As a common noun it is the madness of infatuation, as Virgil's “frenzy of Ajax son of Oileus”, avenging rage, as in Cicero's “the fury of the dead man”, and mad craving or lust, as in Virgil's animals that rush into passion and fire.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Applied to a person it is a fiend, a tormenting spirit: Cicero calls Clodius the firebrand and fury of his country.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “fury, rage”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of the Furies and of Clodius as a fury of his country.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of the frenzy of Ajax and of passionate desire.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 560–636 AD – Isidore of Seville derives the name from striking the mind.^(Isidore)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – Its descendant enters English as [[m|en|fury]], through Old French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(chiefly in the plural)'' The goddesses of vengeance, the [[m|en|Furies]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # [[m|en|frenzy|alt=Frenzy]], madness; avenging rage; passionate desire, mad craving.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A person who torments others, a [[m|en|fiend]], a [[m|en|fury]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[furiālis]]

+ * [[furiatilis]]

+ * [[furiō]]

+ * [[furiōsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[furo|alt=furō]]

+ * [[furor]]

+ * [[en|fury]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}