ruga Latin · revision 31740

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=late 2nd–early 1st century BC, Titinius|origins=ine-pro *h₁rewg-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈruː.ɡa]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈruː.ɡa]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''rūga''' ''f'' (genitive rūgae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*rougā]], [[inh|ine-pro|*h₁roug-h₂-|t=wrinkle]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan connects it most readily with [[m|la|ērūgō|t=to belch]], since words for wrinkles and creases often come from a verb “to be rough”, which also gives verbs for belching.^(de Vaan 2008) A connection with [[m|la|runcō|t=to weed]] and [[lt|raũkas|t=wrinkle]], which the OLD compares, is not directly possible because the consonants differ.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Titinius,^(de Vaan 2008) the OLD's first example of a wrinkle of old age.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is a crease or wrinkle in the skin, usually in the plural: of old age, as Cicero's “neither white hair nor wrinkles can suddenly seize authority”, and of frowning, as Varro's furrowing of the brow.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Pliny the Elder uses it of creases on pepper dried in the sun and of the grooves of horns.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In medieval texts it came to mean a track, a street, a row of houses or a quarter of a town.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Wiktionary) Church Latin glosses it “wrinkle”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * late 2nd–early 1st century BC – Titinius of wrinkles of old age.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of frowning.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of the wrinkles of old men.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * Middle Ages – A street or road.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|wrinkle]] in the skin, of old age or frowning.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[m|en|crease]], fold; a shallow groove.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A track, road; a [[m|en|street]]; a row of houses, a quarter.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[corrugis]]

+ * [[rūgō]]

+ * [[rūgōsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[erugo|alt=ērūgō]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Rūga'' was also a Roman surname: Spurius Carvilius Ruga's divorce was said to be the first in Rome.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}