congrego Latin · revision 31733

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=116–27 BC, Varro|origins=ine-pro *gʷreg-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈkɔŋ.ɡrɛ.ɡoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈkɔŋ.ɡre.ɡo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''congregō''' (present infinitive congregāre, perfect active congregāvī, supine congregātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Lucretius splits it in tmesis, ''conque gregantur''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|con-|grex|t2=flock, herd]], with the verb ending ⟨-ō⟩,^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) as [[aggregō]] is formed with [[m|la|ad-]].^(TLL) The noun [[m|la|grex]] goes back to [[itc-pro|*gʷreg-]] and [[ine-pro|*gʷreg-|t=group, herd]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[grc|γάργαρα|tr=gárgara|t=heaps, lots]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The Thesaurus finds it from Varro and Cicero on;^(TLL) Cicero's ''De inventione'' has the man who brought scattered people together in one place.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its literal sense, to gather animals into a flock, is rare and mostly in Pliny the Elder, who has swarms of bees gathering.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL) Usually it is to bring people together into a community or a group, as Cicero's animals that live alone or in herds, and to associate with others;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cicero's proverb “equals most readily flock together with equals” is in the ''Cato Maior''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It also means to collect things, as Vitruvius' air that gathers moisture into clouds, to group persons together in speech, and to concentrate a force.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ It is frequent in Church writers, with about 400 examples in the Vulgate.^(TLL) Church Latin glosses it “gather together, assemble, congregate”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of bringing people together.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius in tmesis.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder of bees swarming.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-15th century – Its participle gives English [[m|en|congregate]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To gather into a flock or [[m|en|herd]]; passive, to [[m|en|swarm]], flock together.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To bring together, [[m|en|assemble]], collect; passive, to associate with.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To collect things; to group together; to concentrate.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[congregābilis]]

+ * [[congregālis]]

+ * [[congregatim]]

+ * [[congregātiō]]

+ * [[congregātīvus]]

+ * [[congregator]]

+ * [[congregatus]]

+ * [[congregus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[grex]]

+ * [[aggrego|alt=aggregō]]

+ * [[en|congregate]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}