ferocia Latin · revision 31731

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 340–273 BC, Appius Claudius Caecus|origins=ine-pro *ǵʰweh₁r-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [fɛˈroː.ki.a]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [feˈrɔː.t͡ʃi.a]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ferōcia''' ''f'' (genitive ferōciae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ferōx|-ia|t1=fierce]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) The adjective [[m|la|ferōx]] is from [[m|la|ferus|t=wild]], perhaps as a compound “having a fierce look”; de Vaan thinks it may be one source of the suffix ⟨-ōx⟩.^(de Vaan 2008) [[m|la|ferus]] goes back to [[itc-pro|*xweros]] and [[ine-pro|*ǵʰweh₁r-|t=wild animal]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[grc|θήρ|tr=thḗr|t=wild animal]] and [[lt|žvėrìs|t=wild animal]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The Thesaurus and Köbler find it first in Appius Claudius Caecus;^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010) the OLD's first example is Cato on pride and insolence growing in prosperity.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is fierceness or wildness of temper, as in Sallust, of a dead man who kept his fierce spirit in his face, and in Pliny the Elder the harshness of a wine.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Often it is arrogance or insolence.^(OLD 2012) In a good sense it is courage or fighting spirit.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Döderlein says that ⟨ferocia⟩ and [[ferōcitās]] are natural, wild courage, which even barbarians and beasts have, ⟨ferocia⟩ as a feeling and ⟨ferocitas⟩ as it shows in action, while [[virtūs]] and [[fortitūdō]] are moral courage.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 340–273 BC – Appius Claudius Caecus.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato of insolence in prosperity.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust of Catiline's fierce spirit.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder of the harshness of wine.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|fierceness|alt=Fierceness]], wildness of temper; harshness of wine.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|arrogance|alt=Arrogance]], [[m|en|insolence]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Fighting spirit, courage.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ferōcitās]]

+ * [[ferox|alt=ferōx]]

+ * [[ferus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}