citatus Latin · revision 31730

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=170–c. 90 BC, Accius|origins=ine-pro *keyh₂-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''citātus''' (feminine ''citāta'', neuter ''citātum'', comparative ''citātior'', superlative ''citātissimus''); first/second-declension adjective^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the past participle of [[m|la|citō|t=to set in motion, summon]], used as an adjective.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) [[m|la|citō]] is the frequentative of [[m|la|cieō|t=to set in motion]], which it replaced in Classical Latin; that verb goes back to [[ine-pro|*keyh₂-|alt=*(ḱ)ei(h₂)-|t=to start to move]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[grc|κίνυμαι|tr=kínumai|t=to be moved]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its first example in the OLD is Accius' “check the speeding force of the horses”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means driven to speed, of living creatures, and moved quickly, of limbs, as in Catullus' “when he reached the grove eagerly with hurried foot”.^(OLD 2012) Of things it is rapid, as Seneca's whirl of the universe, and of the bowels loose; of events it is early, as a young man's death on an inscription.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “swift, rapid, hurried”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 170–c. 90 BC – Accius of speeding horses.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus of a hurried foot.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca of rapid movement.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Driven fast, [[m|en|hurried]], quickened.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|rapid|alt=Rapid]], swift; of the bowels, loose.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Of events, coming early.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cito|alt=citō]]

+ * [[cieo|alt=cieō]]

+ * [[citus]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Sallust has a noun ''citātus'', ''-ūs'', “impulse”, of winds rushing through the hollows of the earth.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}