ceu Latin · revision 31717

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=compound|attested=204–169 BC, Ennius|origins=ine-pro *ḱe, ine-pro *h₁i-we}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈkɛu̯]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈt͡ʃɛːu̯]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ceu''' (particle)^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It goes back to [[itc-pro|*keiwe]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Following Watkins, de Vaan explains it from the particle [[ine-pro|*ḱe|t=here]], the ⟨-ce⟩ of [[m|la|hic]], and [[ine-pro|*h₁i-we|t=as]], comparing [[sa|इव|tr=iva|t=like, as]];^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Walde and Hofmann had assumed ⟨*kei⟩ “here” and ⟨*we⟩ “or”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Its final vowel was lost early, as in [[seu]] beside [[sīve]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Ennius,^(de Vaan 2008) whose ''Annals'' have a girl who blushed “like milk and purple mixed”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It introduces similes and comparisons, “as, like”, with a noun or a clause, as in Lucretius' many images.^(OLD 2012) With the subjunctive it is “as if”, often in rejecting a suggestion, and with single words, as Ovid's “she was stunned as if turned to stone”.^(OLD 2012) Pliny the Elder uses it for “so to speak” and “as for example”, as animals that live underground, like moles.^(OLD 2012) Lewis & Short note that before the Augustan age it belongs to elevated poetry.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “as, like, as when, as it were”; in medieval texts it is sometimes used for [[seu]].^(Stelten 1995)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius of a blush.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius in similes.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid of a woman stunned as if turned to stone.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder in the sense “as for example”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Particle===

+ # [[m|en|as|alt=As]], [[m|en|like]], just as.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # With the subjunctive, as if.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # As it were, so to speak; as for example.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Or, used for ''seu''.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[seu]]

+ * [[neu]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}