dudum Latin · revision 31715

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=compound|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *dweh₂-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈduː.dũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈduː.dum]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dūdum''' (adverb)^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from a root ⟨dū-⟩ “long (time)”, which also gives [[m|la|dūrus|t=hard, lasting]], and the enclitic [[m|la|-dum]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) De Vaan traces the root to [[ine-pro|*dweh₂-|t=far, long]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[grc|δήν|tr=dḗn|t=long]], [[hit|tūwaz|t=from afar]] and [[sa|दवीयस्|tr=dávīyas-|t=further, more distant]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Older explanations, as in Lewis & Short, took it from ⟨diu-dum⟩.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008) who uses it often, as “the woman who I said a while ago was free”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means some time ago, a little while ago, previously, and with [[iam]] (also written [[iamdudum]]) “some while ago now”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It also means for a long time up to the present, as Plautus' “see how long I have been standing here knocking”, and with ''iam'' “now at last”, as in Catullus.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein says that ⟨dudum⟩ refers to a span of minutes or hours, while [[diū]] is days, months or years, and [[prīdem]] marks a point of time long past.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “just now, a little while ago”, and ''iam dudum'' “for a long time”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of a short while ago and of a long time.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius with ''iam''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus in the sense “now at last”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # A little while ago, [[m|en|previously]], just now;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) ''iam dudum'', some while ago now.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # For a long time;^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995) ''iam dudum'', now at last.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[perdūdum]]

+ * [[iamdūdum]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[durus|alt=dūrus]]

+ * [[diu|alt=diū]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}