forensis Latin · revision 31713

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=116–27 BC, Varro|origins=ine-pro *dʰwor-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [fɔˈrẽː.sɪs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [foˈrɛn.sis]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''forēnsis''' (neuter forēnse); third-declension two-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|forum|-ēnsis|t1=marketplace, forum]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) The noun [[m|la|forum]] goes back to [[itc-pro|*fworom]] and [[ine-pro|*dʰwor-o-|t=room near the door]], from the word for a door; the meaning developed from the area before the doors to a public space.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[xum|furo|t=forum]], [[sa|द्वार|tr=dvā́ra-|t=door, gate]] and [[lt|dvãras|t=estate, court]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Varro,^(de Vaan 2008) who says that the dignity of the forum grew when the butchers' shops were turned into bankers' offices.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means of or belonging to the forum, and Pliny the Elder names a kind of grape sold in the market ''forensis''.^(OLD 2012) Above all it is connected with the law courts, forensic, as Cicero's Isocrates, a great orator who lacked the light of the courts; as a noun it is a pleader or advocate.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It also means public as opposed to private, and of dress worn on public occasions, as Livy's Hannibal leaving the city in his everyday public clothes.^(OLD 2012) Velius Longus reports that Cicero liked to say ⟨foresia⟩ without the ⟨n⟩.^(TLL)

+

+ In Late and medieval Latin it is applied to secular as opposed to church law, and to laymen.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Wiktionary) Church Latin glosses it “legal, forensic, public, of the marketplace”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of the forum.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of the law courts and of public life.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of public dress.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * Middle Ages – Of secular law.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+ * 1650s – Its stem gives English [[m|en|forensic]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Of the [[m|en|forum]] or [[m|en|market]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Of the law courts, [[m|en|forensic]]; as a noun, an advocate.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|public|alt=Public]], not domestic; of dress, worn in public.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Of secular law; [[m|en|lay]].^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[forum]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ In Apuleius it apparently means “foreign”, as if from [[forīs]] “outside”, and medieval texts have a separate ''forensis'' from ''forīs'' meaning “from outside, foreign”, as a priest from another diocese.^(OLD 2012)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}