expio Latin · revision 31708

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=234–149 BC, Cato|origins=ine-pro *pewH-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈɛk.spi.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈɛk.spi.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''expiō''' (present infinitive expiāre, perfect active expiāvī, supine expiātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ex-|piō|t2=to appease, purify]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) The verb [[m|la|piō]] is from [[m|la|pius|t=dutiful, pious]], which goes back to [[itc-pro|*pwījos]] and [[ine-pro|*puH-yo-|t=purifying]], from the root [[ine-pro|*pewH-|t=to purify]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[xum|pihatu|t=to reconcile]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its first example in the OLD is Cato's ''Origines'', where Orestes is said to have come to expiate his mother's murder.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to atone to the gods for a sin, and to make amends for a wrong done to people, as Caesar's soldiers who made good a defeat by their courage.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cicero uses it of the gods punishing crimes, of purifying the forum from the traces of crime, of averting an omen by rites, and of appeasing the gods, as the people who wanted the power of Ceres appeased by punishment.^(OLD 2012) Columella uses it in a transferred sense, to cleanse straw thoroughly with sulphur.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “cleanse, purify; make amends for, make atonement for”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato of Orestes expiating a murder.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of purifying, punishing and appeasing.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar of making amends for a defeat.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1600 – Its past participle gives English [[m|en|expiate]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To atone for, [[m|en|expiate]]; to make amends for.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To take vengeance for, [[m|en|punish]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|purify]] from ritual uncleanness; to cleanse thoroughly.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|avert]] an omen by rites.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|appease]], propitiate.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[expiātiō]]

+ * [[expiator]]

+ * [[expiātrix]]

+ * [[expiatus]]

+ * [[inexpiatus]]

+ * [[inexpiābilis]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[expiātōrius]]

+ * [[piō]]

+ * [[pius]]

+ * [[en|expiate]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}