octavus Latin · revision 31694

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *h₃eḱtéh₃}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɔkˈtaː.wʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [okˈtaː.vus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''octāvus''' (feminine octāva, neuter octāvum); first/second-declension numeral^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*oktāwos|alt=*oktāwo-|t=eighth]], [[inh|ine-pro|*h₃eḱth₃-wó-|alt=*h3ḱt(e)h3-uó-|t=eighth]], from [[ine-pro|*h₃eḱtéh₃|alt=*h3(e)ḱtéh3|t=eight]], the source of [[octō]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The ⟨ā⟩ is unexpected for ⟨*ō⟩;^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Schrijver explains it as a loss of rounding before the following ⟨u⟩.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Cognate with [[grc|ὄγδοος|tr=ógdoos|t=eighth]], [[sa|अष्टम|tr=aṣṭamá-|t=eighth]] and [[sga|ochtmad|t=eighth]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's first source is Plautus;^(Köbler 2010) de Vaan dates it from Cato.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means “eighth”, as Cicero's eighth part and Caesar's eighth legion;^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012) Martial calls the eighth milestone simply ''octāvum marmor''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012) The feminine ''octāva'' is the eighth hour of the day, and an eighth part, in Late Latin a tax of an eighth on produce;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) ''cum octāvō'' is “with an eightfold yield”, of corn in Cicero.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) The neuter ''octāvum'' means “for the eighth time” in Livy.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ In Medieval Latin ''octāva'', the eighth day, gave English [[m|en|octave]], first of the eighth day after a church feast.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of an eightfold yield.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar of the eighth legion.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – English [[m|en|octave]] comes from Medieval Latin ''octāva''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|eighth|alt=Eighth]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''octāva'', the eighth hour; an eighth part; a tax of an eighth.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''cum octāvō'', with an eightfold yield.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''octāvum'', for the eighth time.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[octō]]

+ * [[en|octave]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}