utcumque Latin · revision 31693

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la ut, la cumque}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ʊtˈkʊŋ.kʷɛ]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [utˈkuŋ.kʷe]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''utcumque''' (conjunction and adverb)^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''utcunque'', in early Latin ''utquomque'', and is often written ''ut cumque'', sometimes with words between.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[ut|t=as, how]] and [[m|la|-cumque|t=-ever]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan traces ⟨ut⟩ to [[itc-pro|*kʷutV(s)|alt=*kwutV(s)|t=how]] and [[ine-pro|*kʷu-|alt=*kwu-|t=where, how]], cognate with [[osc|puz|t=that, as]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's first example is Plautus' ''Amphitruo'': “are you a slave or free?” — “whichever my mind pleases”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ As a conjunction it means “in whatever way, according as”, and in Horace “whenever”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Mela uses it of place, “wherever”, of Miletus in Ionia.^(OLD 2012) As an adverb, especially in Livy, it means “in any event, at any rate”, and “as best one can”, as of the peace with Philip patched up somehow.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “howsoever, in any way soever, somehow”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus, “whichever I please”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace in the sense “whenever”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy, “at any rate” and “somehow”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Conjunction===

+ # In whatever way, [[m|en|however]]; according as.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # [[m|en|whenever|alt=Whenever]]; wherever.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Adverb===

+ # In any event, at any rate; as best one can, somehow.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ut]]

+ * [[quicumque]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}