onustus Latin · revision 31654

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 235–200 BC, Naevius|origins=la onus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɔˈnʊs.tʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [oˈnus.tus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''onustus''' (feminine onusta, neuter onustum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ Gellius cites ''honustus'' as an archaic spelling.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|onus|-tus|t1=load, burden]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan explains it as a derivative in ⟨-to-⟩ of the s-stem, ⟨*onos-to-⟩.^(de Vaan 2008) He traces ⟨onus⟩ to [[itc-pro|*ones-]] and [[ine-pro|*h₃énh₂os|alt=*h₃en-os|t=load]], cognate with [[sa|अनस्|tr=ánas-|t=heavy cart]]; a link with [[hit|anniya-|t=to work]] is not compelling in meaning.^(de Vaan 2008) Wiktionary also allows that the formation is already Indo-European, comparing [[grc|ὀνοστός|tr=onostós]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Naevius.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means “loaded, laden”, of ships, carts and animals: Caesar's Bibulus hoped to meet laden ships but met empty ones.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) With a genitive or ablative it is “laden with, full of”, as Cicero's ships loaded with grain, and it is used of trees heavy with fruit.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It also means heavily laden, as Horace's guest sent away loaded with gifts, and abundantly supplied, as Sallust's fertile land full of booty; and weighed down, as by armour or chains.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of ships laden with grain.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar of laden ships.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust of land full of booty.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|loaded|alt=Loaded]], [[m|en|laden]], freighted (with a genitive or ablative).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Heavily laden; abundantly supplied.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Weighed down, [[m|en|burdened]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[sēmionustus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[onus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}