rabidus Latin · revision 31652

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=96–55 BC, Lucretius|origins=la rabiēs}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈra.bɪ.dʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈraː.bi.dus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''rabidus''' (feminine rabida, neuter rabidum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|rabiēs|-idus|t1=madness, rage]], from the verb [[rabiō|t=to rave]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan finds the origin of ⟨rabiō⟩ uncertain: Schrijver compared [[xto|rapurñe|t=desire]], and the LIV an Iranian root seen in [[xpr|rf-|t=to attack]], but both are isolated and doubtful.^(de Vaan 2008) Festus explained it from the dog's disease ⟨rabiēs⟩.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Lucretius,^(de Vaan 2008) who has raging lions;^(OLD 2012) Köbler's first source is the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium''.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is “raging, ravening”, of wild beasts, and of dogs in particular “rabid, mad”, as Seneca's sad sight of rabid dogs.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is used of persons and monsters, as Ovid's raging Centaurs, of the Sibyl's frenzied mouth in Virgil, of raging waves, and of feelings: Catullus' Attis finds rest from the raging frenzy of his mind.^(OLD 2012) It is mostly poetic and post-Augustan.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “mad”.^(Stelten 1995) English [[m|en|rabid]] (1610s) comes from it; its sense “infected with rabies” is from 1804.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of raging lions.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus of a raging frenzy.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca of rabid dogs.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1610s – English [[m|en|rabid]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Of animals, raging, ravening; of dogs, [[m|en|rabid]], mad.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Of persons, [[m|en|furious]], savage; of natural forces, violent.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Of feelings or conduct, [[m|en|frenzied]], wild; of utterances, frantic.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[rabidē]]

+ * [[rabies]]

+ * [[rabiō]]

+ * [[rabiōsē]]

+ * [[rabiōsulus]]

+ * [[rabiōsus]]

+ * [[rabula]]

+ * [[rabulātus]]

+ * [[en|rabid]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}