propello Latin · revision 31651

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la pellō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [proːˈpɛl.loː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [proˈpɛl.lo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''prōpellō''' (present infinitive prōpellere, perfect active prōpulī, supine prōpulsum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Lucretius scans the first syllable short.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|prō-|pellō|t2=to push, drive]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) De Vaan traces ⟨pellō⟩ to [[itc-pro|*pelnā-]] and [[ine-pro|*pelh₂-|alt=*pl-n(e)-h₂-|t=to approach]], cognate with [[xum|ampentu|t=to bring near, touch]] and [[grc|πίλναμαι|tr=pílnamai|t=to approach]]; the sense would have shifted from bringing something near to pushing it.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan lists it among the compounds of ⟨pellō⟩;^(de Vaan 2008) the OLD's earliest example is Plautus' ''Rudens'', where someone pushed the old priestess away and shoved her forward in a shameful way.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means “to push forward, propel”, also of natural forces, and “to drive onwards”, as of herds driven to water in Varro.^(OLD 2012) It is also to push over, as Ovid's woods crashing down, and to push or drive away: Caesar has hurdles pushed aside and enemies driven off with slings and arrows, and Nepos a people expelling the leaders of the other faction.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it is to drive or impel someone to an action, as Cicero's brotherly love carrying a man too far, and in Fronto to put off.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “drive out or away, propel”.^(Stelten 1995) English [[m|en|propel]] (mid-15th century) first meant “to drive away, expel”.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of pushing someone forward.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 180–102 BC – Lucilius of warding off the unjust.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar of driving enemies away.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a man driven on by love.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-15th century – English [[m|en|propel]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To push or thrust forward, [[m|en|propel]]; to drive onwards.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To push over, [[m|en|overthrow]]; to push out of place.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To push away, drive off, [[m|en|repel]]; to banish; to ward off.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To put off, postpone.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To drive or [[m|en|impel]] to an action.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[prōpulsus]]

+ * [[prōpulsō]]

+ * [[prōpulsor]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[appellō]]

+ * [[aspellō]]

+ * [[compellō]]

+ * [[dēpellō]]

+ * [[dispellō]]

+ * [[expellō]]

+ * [[impellō]]

+ * [[interpellō]]

+ * [[pellō]]

+ * [[perpellō]]

+ * [[en|propel]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}