squalor Latin · revision 31648

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la squāleō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈskʷaː.ɫɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈskʷaː.lor]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''squālor''' ''m'' (genitive squālōris); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|squāleō|-or|t1=to be rough, be caked with dirt]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan lists it with ⟨squāleō⟩ and [[squāma|t=scale]] under [[squālus]], for which he finds no etymology; the initial ⟨squ-⟩ suggests it is not an inherited word.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) in whose ''Cistellaria'' it is only fair that squalor should go with filthy fortunes.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Lucretius uses it for roughness of surface, opposed to smoothness.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Its usual sense is dirt and filth of person and dress, with unkempt hair and beard, and in particular the neglected dress worn in mourning or by defendants: Cicero asks whether Sicily's squalor and tears will move a man.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it is the roughness of an uncouth style in Quintilian, untidy growth in Pliny, and the desolation of a barren land in Curtius.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “roughness, squalor, filthiness, neglect”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of squalor.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of rough surfaces.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of the dress of mourning.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian of an uncouth style.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|roughness|alt=Roughness]] of surface, stiffness.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|dirt|alt=Dirt]], [[m|en|filth]], [[m|en|squalor]]; neglected dress as a sign of mourning; uncouthness of style; untidy growth.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Desolation, barrenness of land.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[squāleō]]

+ * [[squālidus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}