profundum Latin · revision 31645

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=170–c. 90 BC, Accius|origins=la fundus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [prɔˈfʊn.dũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [proˈfun.dum]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''profundum''' ''n'' (genitive profundī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the neuter of [[profundus|t=deep]], used as a noun.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) The adjective is formed from [[prō|t=forth]] and [[fundus|t=bottom]].^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) De Vaan traces ⟨fundus⟩ to [[itc-pro|*fundos|alt=*fundo-]] and [[ine-pro|*bʰudʰmḗn|alt=*bʰudʰ-n-ó-|t=bottom]], cognate with [[sa|बुध्न|tr=budhná-|t=bottom, root]], [[grc|πυθμήν|tr=puthmḗn|t=bottom]] and [[ang|botem|t=bottom]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest example is a tragedy of Accius, in which Triton raises a rock from the depths.^(OLD 2012) Köbler's first source is Cicero.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is the deep water of a river or sea, and without qualification “the deep, the ocean”: Cicero asks whether a cross was torn down and thrown into the sea.^(OLD 2012) It is also any deep hollow or abyss, the depths of the earth, the remotest part of a region (Pliny's “depths of the world”), and a boundless expanse of space.^(OLD 2012) The jurists say that things lost without trace are ''in profundō''.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it is the depth of misfortune or vice, as Marius cast into the depths of utter misery in Valerius Maximus, and the inmost secrets of nature.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 170–c. 90 BC – Accius of the depths of the sea.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of the deep sea.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder of the remotest parts of the world.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Deep water; the deep, the [[m|en|ocean]]; the depths of a body of water.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A deep cavity, [[m|en|abyss]]; the depths of the earth.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The remotest part of a region;^(OLD 2012) ''in profundō esse'', to be lost without trace.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A boundless expanse of space.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(plural)'' The inmost secrets; figuratively, the depths of misfortune or vice.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[profundus]]

+ * [[fundus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}