contubernium Latin · revision 31643

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=la taberna}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [kɔn.tʊˈbɛr.ni.ũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [kon.tuˈbɛr.ni.um]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''contubernium''' ''n'' (genitive contuberniī or contubernī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Some manuscripts of Suetonius and Fronto spell it ''contib-''.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[con-]] and [[taberna|t=hut, booth]] with the suffix [[m|la|-ium]], “sharing a hut or tent”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan derives ⟨taberna⟩ from ⟨*trab-erna⟩, a derivative of [[trabs|t=beam]] with the first /r/ lost by dissimilation, so that it was first a “wooden shed”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Cicero.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the army it is the sharing of a tent, comradeship, and in particular the attachment of a young man to a general's staff;^(OLD 2012) Pliny the Elder speaks of a friendship like the comradeship of camp.^(OLD 2012) It was also the tent shared by a squad of soldiers, and a lodging.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) More generally it means living together, fellowship, as Phaedrus' chance companionship of a cat, and a band or crew.^(OLD 2012) It is also cohabitation, and in law the only union recognised between slaves.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “dwelling, intimacy, comradeship”.^(Stelten 1995) In Medieval Latin it was a band of armed retainers, and a prebend.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 15 BC–c. 50 AD – Phaedrus of animals living together.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder of the comradeship of camp.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * Medieval Latin – a band of retainers; a prebend.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(military)'' Sharing of a tent, [[m|en|comradeship]]; attendance of a young man on a general.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Living together, fellowship; a band, crew.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # [[m|en|cohabitation|alt=Cohabitation]]; the marriage of slaves.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[m|en|tent]] shared by a squad of soldiers; a lodging.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A band of armed [[m|en|retainer|alt=retainers]]; a [[m|en|prebend]].^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[uesticontubernium]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[contubernālis]]

+ * [[taberna]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}