flagellum Latin · revision 31642

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=234–149 BC, Cato|origins=la flagrum}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [fɫaˈɡɛl.lũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [flaˈd͡ʒɛl.lum]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''flagellum''' ''n'' (genitive flagellī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the diminutive of [[flagrum|t=whip]], formed with [[m|la|-ellum]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879) De Vaan traces ⟨flagrum⟩ to [[itc-pro|*flagrom|alt=*flagro-|t=whip]] and [[ine-pro|*bʰlHg-ro-]], and links it with [[flāgitō|t=to demand]], from an older verb “to whip”; he compares [[non|blaka|t=to hit back and forth]] and [[lt|blokšti|t=to swing back and forth]], but the reconstruction is not certain.^(de Vaan 2008) Varro explained it from the blowing of the wind, like [[flabellum|t=fan]].^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Cato,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) in whose ''Origines'' someone says of horses “take the whip”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is a whip or lash, for punishment or for driving horses;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lewis and Short call it harsher than the strap ''scutica''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cicero says the Porcian law removed the rods from citizens' bodies while his opponent brought back the lash.^(OLD 2012) It is also the whip for spinning a top, and the thong of a javelin.^(OLD 2012) Varro uses it of the young whip-like shoot of a vine, and Ovid of the arms of a polyp.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “whip, scourge”.^(Stelten 1995) In Medieval Latin it was a flail for threshing grain, and an affliction or divine punishment.^(Niermeyer 1976) English [[m|en|flagellum]] “lash-like appendage” dates from 1837, and [[m|en|flagellate]] “to whip” from the 1620s.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato of a horse whip.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of a vine shoot.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of the lash as a punishment.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid of a polyp's arms.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * Medieval Latin – a flail; a divine scourge.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+ * 1837 – English [[m|en|flagellum]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|whip]], [[m|en|lash]], [[m|en|scourge]]; a whip for driving horses or spinning a top; the thong of a javelin.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # A young [[m|en|shoot]] of a vine or other plant.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # An arm of a polyp, [[m|en|tentacle]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A [[m|en|flail]]; an affliction, divine punishment.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[flagellaticius]]

+ * [[flagellō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[flagrum]]

+ * [[flāgitō]]

+ * [[en|flagellum]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}