proconsul Latin · revision 31641

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1st century BC, Claudius Quadrigarius|origins=la cōnsul}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [proːˈkõː.sʊɫ]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [proˈkɔn.sul]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''prōcōnsul''' ''m'' (genitive prōcōnsulis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also written separately, ''prō cōnsule'', and abbreviated ''procos.''^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It was formed from the phrase ⟨prō cōnsule⟩ “in place of a consul”, from [[prō]] and [[cōnsul]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan takes ⟨cōnsul⟩ as a noun made to [[cōnsulō|t=to deliberate]], from [[itc-pro|*kom-sel-|t=adviser]], perhaps from [[ine-pro|*selh₁-|t=to take]], cognate with [[grc|εἷλον|tr=heîlon|t=took]] and [[got|𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽|tr=saljan|t=to sacrifice]]; an older view derived it from “sitting together”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's first source is the historian Claudius Quadrigarius.^(Köbler 2010) It was first a consul whose command was extended, after his year of office, for military or provincial duties.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The proconsul was originally a consul whose power was prolonged to command an army or govern a province, and later any official of that rank.^(OLD 2012) Under the Empire it was the governor of a senatorial province: Tacitus has Africa going over to a cause without waiting for the proconsul's authority.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “proconsul, municipal officer”.^(Stelten 1995) In Medieval Latin it could be a viscount, a sheriff, an itinerant royal judge or a burgomaster.^(Niermeyer 1976) English [[m|en|proconsul]] dates from the late 14th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1st century BC – Claudius Quadrigarius.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses the abbreviation ''procos.'' in letters.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus of the governor of Africa.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * Medieval Latin – viscount, sheriff, burgomaster.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+ * late 14th century – English [[m|en|proconsul]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|proconsul]], a consul whose command was extended to govern a province or lead an army; any official of that rank.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Under the Empire, the [[m|en|governor]] of a senatorial province.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A [[m|en|viscount]]; a [[m|en|sheriff]]; an itinerant royal judge; a burgomaster.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[prōcōnsulāris]]

+ * [[prōcōnsulātus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cōnsulāris]]

+ * [[cōnsulāritās]]

+ * [[cōnsulāriter]]

+ * [[cōnsulārius]]

+ * [[cōnsulātus]]

+ * [[prōpraetor]]

+ * [[prōquaestor]]

+ * [[cōnsul]]

+ * [[en|proconsul]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}