praecordia Latin · revision 31639

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la cor}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [prae̯ˈkɔr.di.a]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [preˈkɔr.di.a]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''praecordia''' ''n pl'' (genitive praecordiōrum); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Isidore has a singular ''praecordium''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[prae-|t=in front of]] and [[cor|t=heart]] with the suffix [[m|la|-ium]], “what lies before the heart”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan traces ⟨cor⟩ to [[itc-pro|*kord]] and [[ine-pro|*ḱḗr|t=heart]], with the oblique stem ⟨*ḱr̥d-⟩, cognate with [[grc|καρδία|tr=kardía]], [[hit|ker]] and [[got|𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍄𐍉|tr=hairtō]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest example is Plautus' ''Mercator'', where the spleen rebels and seizes the vitals.^(OLD 2012) Köbler's first source is Cicero.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is the parts of the body just below the heart, the vitals; medical writers such as Celsus use it of the lower chest and upper belly, and Pliny the Elder of the diaphragm, the membrane separating the guts from the organs above.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Poets use it of the chest over the heart.^(OLD 2012) Lucilius already makes it the seat of feeling: he says he brings out a verse from his heart.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “heart, hearts”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of the vitals.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 180–102 BC – Lucilius of the heart as seat of feeling.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus in medicine.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder of the diaphragm.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The parts below the heart, the [[m|en|vitals]]; in medicine, the lower chest; the [[m|en|diaphragm]], midriff.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The [[m|en|chest]], breast.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The breast as the seat of feelings, the heart.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cor]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}