exanimo Latin · revision 31637

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la anima}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɛkˈsa.nɪ.moː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [eɡˈzaː.ni.mo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''exanimō''' (present infinitive exanimāre, perfect active exanimāvī, supine exanimātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[ex-|t=out]] and [[anima|t=breath, life]] as a first-conjugation verb, “to drive the breath out”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan lists it under [[animus]] and ⟨anima⟩, from [[itc-pro|*anamos|alt=*anamo-|t=breath, spirit]] and [[ine-pro|*h₂enh₁mos|alt=*h₂enh₁-mo-|t=breath]], cognate with [[grc|ἄνεμος|tr=ánemos|t=wind]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008) In Terence a woman says a speech has left her half dead with fear.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its senses run from “to deprive of breath” to “to kill”: the poem ''Aetna'' has smiths emptying their bellows of air, and Cicero people killed before they would admit defeat.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is also to exhaust, as Caesar's enemies breathless from running and weariness, and to stun with fear or another strong emotion, as in Terence.^(OLD 2012) In the passive it is to be out of breath, or to be dead.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ English [[m|en|exanimate]] “lifeless” (1530s) comes from its past participle.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence of terror.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar of exhausted soldiers.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of killing.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1530s – English [[m|en|exanimate]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To empty of air, [[m|en|deflate]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To deprive of life, [[m|en|kill]]; to destroy the strength of.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|exhaust]], put out of breath.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To stun with fear or strong emotion, [[m|en|terrify]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[exanimālis]]

+ * [[exanimātiō]]

+ * [[exanimus]]

+ * [[exanimābiliter]]

+ * [[exanimātus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[animō]]

+ * [[redanimō]]

+ * [[anima]]

+ * [[animus]]

+ * [[exanimis]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}