incutio Latin · revision 31635

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=204–169 BC, Ennius|origins=la quatiō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɪŋˈkʊ.ti.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [iŋˈkut.t͡si.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''incutiō''' (present infinitive incutere, perfect active incussī, supine incussum); third (-iō variant) conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|in-|quatiō|t2=to shake, strike]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces ⟨quatiō⟩ to [[itc-pro|*kʷatiō|alt=*kwat-i-]], with a possible root ⟨*ku(o)t-⟩ seen in [[goh|scutten|t=to shake]]; because of its awkward ablaut it may be a non-Indo-European word.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL records it from Ennius on;^(TLL) his ''Annals'' have someone striking anger into the Romans.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its physical sense is “to strike or dash against”, as Livy's soldiers knocking down enemies with their shields and shoulders; it is also to hurl missiles, as in Tacitus, and to deal blows.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lucretius uses it of dust shaken onto the body, and Statius of a helmet shaken threateningly.^(OLD 2012) Its commonest use is “to instil, strike into”, above all of fear and anxiety; in Plautus a cloak brings on pallor, and Horace speaks of ignorance of the laws causing trouble.^(OLD 2012) Cicero uses it only in this figurative sense.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “strike, inflict”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius of anger struck into the Romans.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of a cloak bringing on pallor.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of dust shaken onto the body.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of knocking down enemies.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To strike, knock or dash against; to hurl missiles; to inflict blows.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To shake onto; to shake threateningly.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To strike into, [[m|en|instil]], [[m|en|inspire]] (fear, anger and the like); to bring on a condition.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[incussor]]

+ * [[incussus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[quatiō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}