exsurgo Latin · revision 31632

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=204–169 BC, Ennius|origins=la surgō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɛksˈsʊr.ɡoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [eksˈsur.ɡo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''exsurgō''' (present infinitive exsurgere, perfect active exsurrēxī, supine exsurrēctum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ It is often spelled ''exurgō''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL) Plautus has the archaic present passive infinitive ''exsurgier''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ex-|surgō|t2=to rise]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) De Vaan lists ⟨surgō⟩, from ⟨sub⟩ and ⟨regō⟩, under [[regō|t=to direct]], which he traces to [[itc-pro|*regō|alt=*reg-e/o-]] and [[ine-pro|*h₃reǵ-|t=to stretch, direct]], cognate with [[sga|a-t·raig|t=to stand up]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest example is a tragedy of Ennius: “rise, herald, get the people to listen”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means “to rise, stand up”, from one's knees or from an ambush, and to get up from bed: in Plautus someone got up briskly in the dead of night.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Figuratively it is to bestir oneself, take action, as Cicero's anxious “when and where shall we be able to rise?”, and to rise in revolt, as Livy's plebs.^(OLD 2012) It is used of things that swell or rise up, of complaints that spring up, and of rising above one's grief.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “arise, awaken”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius of a herald rising.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of getting up.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of taking action.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of a rising of the plebs.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|rise]], stand up; to get up from bed.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To bestir oneself, take action; to rise in [[m|en|revolt]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Of things, to swell, rise up; to spring up.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To rise above, overcome; to [[m|en|recover]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[exsurrectio]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[surgō]]

+ * [[regō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}