effor Latin · revision 31629

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=204–169 BC, Ennius|origins=la for}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈɛf.fɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈɛf.for]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''effor''' (present infinitive effārī, perfect active effātus sum); first conjugation, deponent^(Wiktionary)

+ It is defective: the forms in use are a few of the present and future, the perfect ''effātus'', the imperative and the infinitive.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is also spelled ''ecf-''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ex-|for|t2=to speak]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) De Vaan traces ⟨for⟩ to [[itc-pro|*fā-|t=to speak]] and [[ine-pro|*bʰeh₂-|t=to speak]], cognate with [[xum|fato|t=said]] and [[grc|φημί|tr=phēmí|t=I say]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest example is Ennius' ''Annals'': “having uttered these words the father withdrew”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is “to utter, speak out”, especially solemn words, and to declare: Livy has the view that it was wrong to reveal what should be hidden.^(OLD 2012) Cicero uses it of stating a proposition, and Virgil's Dido begins to speak and stops mid-word.^(OLD 2012) As a word of the augurs it means to mark out by a spoken formula the space in which signs are watched: Varro says the augurs fixed the limit of the auspices outside the city.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “utter, speak out”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius of words spoken.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of the augurs' formula.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of stating a proposition.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of Dido beginning to speak.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|utter]], speak out, declare; to state a proposition; to begin to speak.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(augury)'' To mark out a space by a spoken formula.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[effābilis]]

+ * [[effamen]]

+ * [[effatio]]

+ * [[effātum]]

+ * [[effātus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[for]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}