cithara Latin · revision 31623

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=96–55 BC, Lucretius|origins=grc κιθάρα}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈkɪ.tʰa.ra]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈt͡ʃiː.ta.ra]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cithara''' ''f'' (genitive citharae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Fronto has ''citara'', and Ampelius ''cittera''.^(TLL) The ''Appendix Probi'' censures the form ''citera'': “cithara non citera”.^(Appendix Probi)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|grc|κιθάρα|tr=kithára|t=lyre]];^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Saalfeld 1874) the further origin of the Greek word is unclear.^(Köbler 2010) Wiktionary relates the form ⟨citera⟩ to a common wavering between unstressed /er/ and /ar/.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Lewis and Short cite it first from Lucretius;^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler's first source is the poet Cornificius Longus.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is the lyre, the Greek stringed instrument, very common in the poets, especially Horace.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “harp, cither”.^(Stelten 1995) In New Latin it is short for ''cithara hispānica'', the guitar.^(Wiktionary) English [[m|en|cithara]] (1789) names the ancient instrument.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace often of the lyre.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1789 – English [[m|en|cithara]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|lyre]], cithara, a stringed instrument.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' A [[m|en|harp]].^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(New Latin)'' A [[m|en|guitar]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[citharicen]]

+ * [[citharista]]

+ * [[citharizō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|cithara]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}