foramen Latin · revision 31618

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=234–149 BC, Cato|origins=la forō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [fɔˈraː.mɛn]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [foˈraː.men]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''forāmen''' ''n'' (genitive forāminis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|forō|-men|t1=to bore, pierce]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan traces ⟨forō⟩ to [[itc-pro|*foraje/o-]] and perhaps [[ine-pro|*bʰerH-|alt=*bʰorH-ie/o-|t=to pierce, strike]], an iterative “to pierce many times, bore”, comparing [[lt|bárti|t=to scold]], [[cu|брати|tr=brati|t=to fight]] and [[goh|berjan|t=to hit, pound]];^(de Vaan 2008) Walde–Hofmann and Pokorny took the verb as derived from a noun.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Cato.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) The historian Sisenna writes of a place with “neither gate nor any opening” for a sally.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is an opening or hole, at first one made by boring.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Technical writers use it of the stops of a pipe, the jets of water conduits, sockets, the cells of a honeycomb, and the natural openings of the body, as Celsus' opening of the ear and the two nostrils;^(OLD 2012) Lucretius uses it of the pores through which a voice passes.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Late Latin it is also a cave or opening in general,^(Wiktionary) and Church Latin has it of the eye of a needle.^(Stelten 1995) English [[m|en|foramen]] (1670s) is an anatomical borrowing.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of pores in matter.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus of openings in the body.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1670s – English [[m|en|foramen]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # An [[m|en|aperture]], [[m|en|hole]] or cavity, originally one made by boring.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The stop of a musical pipe; the outlet of a water pipe; a [[m|en|socket]]; a cell of a honeycomb.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A natural opening in the body; a [[m|en|pore]] in matter.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' ''forāmen acūs'', the eye of a needle.^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[forāminātus]]

+ * [[forāminōsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[forātus]]

+ * [[forō]]

+ * [[en|foramen]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}